Thematic discussions on Advancing the “Africa Clean Air Programme” through Africa-Asia Collaboration took place at the Ninth Tokyo International Conference on African Development (TICAD-9) in Yokohama, Japan, on 21 August 2025. Co-organized by the Ministry of the Environment, Japan (MOEJ), the Climate & Clean Air Coalition (CCAC), the United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP), and the Asia Pacific Clean Air Partnership (APCAP), the event brought together more than 80 participants, including participants from Burkina Faso, Japan, Kenya, Madagascar, Rwanda, Senegal, South Africa, Thailand, Tunisia, and Uganda, to foster Africa-Asia collaboration on air quality solutions.
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The Africa Clean Air Programme and Country Spotlights
Opening remarks were delivered by Mr. Kentaro Doi, Vice Minister of MOEJ, and Dr. Peter Justice Dery of Ghana’s Ministry of Environment, Science and Technology, who highlighted Asia’s leadership in tackling air pollution and potential for cross-regional learning. A first panel focused on the “Africa Clean Air Programme”, with country spotlights from Senegal and South Africa. Ms. Fatou Ndiaye, from the Ministry of the Environment and Sustainable Development, Senegal, shared Senegal’s work on cross-sector coordination for air quality, while Ms. Ricca Marowe, from the Department of Forestry, Fisheries and Environment, South Africa, outlined South Africa’s progress in strengthening national air quality management services.
From left to right: Ms. Ricca Marowe, Mr. Jimmy Rakotovao, and Ms. Fatou Ndiaye.
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Learning from Asia’s Experience
The second panel, “Asia to Africa,” emphasized how Asia’s experience in air quality management could support Africa’s emerging frameworks. Contributions included insights from Clean Air Asia on cooperative action, the Japan International Cooperation Agency (JICA) on capacity development, and Thailand’s Pollution Control Department on lessons learned from Thailand’s journey toward cleaner air, including recommendations on the role of low-cost air quality monitoring sensors to supplement regulatory stations.
Mr. Kohei Muto of the Japanese consulting firm Double Feather Partners Inc. highlighted innovative financing mechanisms for clean air and sustainable mobility, bridging environmental and economic goals.
From left to right: H.E. Mr. Ahmed Araita Ali; H.E. Mr. Ahmed Araita Ali, Ms. Kaye Patdu, Dr. Mushtaq Memon, and Dr. Eric Zusman; participants; Mr. Tomoyuki Izumi, Ms. Dang Espita Casanova, Dr. Hiroaki Takiguchi, Ms. Siwaporn Rungsiyanon, Mr. Kohei Muto, and Dr. Akie Yuba.
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EANET’s Expertise in Air Quality Monitoring and Regional Cooperation
Dr. Akie Yuba of the Asia Center for Air Pollution Research, the Network Center for the EANET, presented EANET and its Hybrid Air Quality Monitoring Network (HAQMN), which aims to combine traditional reference sensors and low-cost sensors (LCS) to enhance real-time, accessible air quality data across the region. The session also underscored EANET’s 25 years of experience in regional monitoring, data sharing, and capacity building across East Asia.
Participants noted that EANET’s proven cooperative and standardized framework could serve as a valuable reference for the African Region as it considers developing regional mechanisms for air quality management. The discussion reinforced the importance of international collaboration in establishing robust monitoring networks and promoting technology transfer.
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Regional Cooperation and Path Forward
The third panel addressed broader regional and global cooperation. Speakers explored financing mechanisms, leapfrogging opportunities for pollution-free development, and synergistic solutions linking air pollution and climate change. The dialogue emphasized South-South and Triangular Cooperation, with Asia’s experience offering support for African countries’ path forward and vice versa.
The event ended with a networking reception, which convened over 60 participants, with delegations from Cabo Verde, Egypt, Madagascar, Mozambique, South Africa, and Uganda, engaging with Japanese stakeholders and partners.
Photo credits: cover photo of Yamashita Park, 279 Yamashitachō, Naka Ward, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan, by Yanhao Fang (2025); all other images, all rights reserved to MOEJ.
In 2022, ESCAP Member States adopted a Regional Action Programme on Air Pollution, and UNEP Member States in 2024, a resolution on Promoting Regional Cooperation on Air Pollution to Improve Air Quality Globally, which both include increased cooperation and knowledge exchange on air quality through online cooperation platforms, among others. EANET’s long-standing monitoring activities are being promoted in these multilateral platforms.
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What is the RAPAP Partnership and Coordination Platform?
Adopted in 2022 at the 7th session of the United Nations Economic and Social Commission for Asia and the Pacific (ESCAP) Committee on Environment and Development (CED7), the Asia-Pacific Regional Action Programme on Air Pollution (RAPAP) aims to promote clean air for all in Asia and the Pacific through various action areas including air quality management, air quality monitoring and data sharing, best practices, capacity building and multilateral cooperation. In the Ministerial Declaration of the CED7, one of the RAPAP’s objectives is: “To establish an open regional platform for the exchange of information and best practices on air pollution challenges and solutions, as may be deemed necessary and appropriate by members and associate members of ESCAP”. The RAPAP Partnership and Coordination Platform was established following this Ministerial Declaration and formally launched during the Fifth Asia Pacific Clean Air Partnership (APCAP) Joint Forum in March 2025 in Yokohama, Japan.
Showcasing National Plans, multilateral mechanisms, stakeholder lists, resources, live air quality data, and events, the platform is a repository for air quality actions and tools in Asia and the Pacific. The Live Air Quality Monitoring page links to various regional and global platforms including the European Space Agency (ESA), the Air Quality Index China (AQICN), and the National Institute of Environmental Research (NIER) Republic of Korea, among others.
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What is AQMx?
The 6th edition of the United Nations Environment Assembly (UNEA-6) in February and March 2024 adopted a resolution on Promoting Regional Cooperation on Air Pollution to Improve Air Quality Globally which encourages Member States to continue their efforts to improve air quality by working on national air quality programs and standards. Through this resolution, Member States requested UNEP’s Executive Director to form an air quality cooperation network to raise awareness of air pollution’s impacts and the importance of mitigation actions, supporting capacity building and collaboration. It also referred to building an updated global online platform for information-sharing and communication on air quality.
Following this, the Air Quality Management Exchange Platform – AQMx – was developed by the Climate and Clean Air Coalition(CCAC), as a component of the CCAC Clean Air Flagship, in response to the need to build capacity for air quality management worldwide and to provide tools to support governments, in line with UNEA’s resolution on Promoting Regional Cooperation on Air Pollution to Improve Air Quality Globally. The platform is mainly composed of two parts: a Resources Exchange Library and the “Curated Guidance” section which aims to, in its first stage, provide a “top 10” list of actions for air quality managers to prepare a comprehensive air quality management planning.
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How is EANET monitoring data promoted?
EANET data is shared in the AQMx Resource Exchange Library where users can access the EANET monitoring page and download the EANET Data Reports.
In the RAPAP Platform, EANET is presented in the Multilateral Mechanism section of the platform which includes an overview of the EANET and various resources such as EANET data and reports.
Screenshots from the AQMx (left) and RAPAP (right) platforms
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The launch of the RAPAP and AQMx platforms reflects growing regional and global efforts to strengthen cooperation on air pollution. By promoting long-standing efforts such as EANET’s monitoring activities across multiple platforms, these frameworks not only enhance transparency and capacity building but also reinforce the collective commitment of countries to tackle air pollution and protect public health and the environment.
Focused on unlocking and future-proofing air quality management in Asia, the regional multi-stakeholder consultation workshop was held in Bangkok, Thailand, on May 27 and 28 2024. Co-organized by UNEP, ESCAP, and EANET, it aimed to improve multilateral and international cooperation on air pollution, drawing 212 participants from 32 countries, including representatives from academia, government, youth groups, NGOs, the private sector, and UN agencies.
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Opening Session
Ms. Maria Cristina Zucca, Head of the Pollution and Health Unit at UNEPopened the workshop. She stressed the health risks of air pollution, causing 6.5 million deaths annually, mainly in Asia-Pacific. She urged for robust action and multilateral cooperation, citing the UNEA-6 resolution on promoting regional cooperation on air pollution. Dr. Sangmin Nam, Director of the Environment and Development Division at ESCAP, highlighted the public health impact in Asia-Pacific and emphasized the importance of regional technical cooperation through RAPAP. Dr. Le Ngoc Cau, Deputy Director General of the Viet Nam Institute of Meteorology, Hydrology, and Climate Change, and Chair of the Bureau of the 25th Intergovernmental EANET Meeting emphasized the significance of EANET and called for continued regional cooperation to advance air quality management, including monitoring additional pollutants.
Transitioning to future-oriented strategies, Dr. Andrea Hinwood, Chief Scientist at UNEP, delivered a keynote presentation on the importance of horizon scanning and strategic foresight in air quality management. She stressed the interconnectedness of air pollution, climate change, and biodiversity, and how these factors collectively impact public health and the environment.
Several strategies were proposed to effectively address air pollution. Firstly, the implementation of WHO guidelines on air pollution was advocated, with aims to save lives, disseminate knowledge, establish standards, promote dialogue, and contribute to climate action. Secondly, leveraging both Low-Cost Sensors and satellite data was suggested to bridge gaps in atmospheric monitoring. This approach could support existing monitoring networks and prioritize early warning systems for events such as Dust and Sand Storms (DSS) wildfires, and overall air quality. Thirdly, enhancing air pollution monitoring using satellite data was recommended, with a comprehensive approach that included mapping, monitoring, modeling, and measuring. Additionally, integrating data from various spheres such as the atmosphere, lithosphere, biosphere, and hydrosphere was proposed to gain a better understanding of air pollution dynamics. Collaboration with international organizations was also encouraged. Finally, recognizing clean air as a fundamental human right was emphasized. Prioritizing data collection on areas and populations most affected by air pollution was deemed essential for targeted interventions and policy formulation.
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Panel Discussion on Understanding the Transboundary Haze Issue
Key actions were emphasized in addressing haze pollution. Collaboration among ASEAN countries was deemed crucial to address transboundary haze pollution, with a focus on implementing regional initiatives such as the ASEAN Haze-Free Roadmap. Engagement of various stakeholders beyond traditional forestry sectors, including agriculture and biodiversity sectors, was seen as necessary to address land-clearing practices. Developing robust warning systems like the WMO’s Vegetation Fire and Smoke Pollution Warning Advisory and Assessment System was considered vital, alongside enforcing national laws and fostering regional cooperation to combat haze pollution effectively. Prioritizing sustainable land and forest management, particularly in regions like the Mekong countries, was highlighted as essential to prevent large-scale fires. Providing financial support for projects addressing air quality management and ensuring scientific findings translated into actionable solutions through community engagement and implementation-focused initiatives were both emphasized.
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Unlocking Finance for Clean Air in Cities
The session on unlocking financial resources for clean air initiatives brought together experts from various organizations including UNEP, the Clean Air Fund, representatives from the governments of the Republic of Korea, Japan, and Mongolia, the World Bank, and the Massive Earth Foundation.
National governments were advised to establish robust legal and policy frameworks and secure long-term funding for air quality initiatives. Government support, societal investment in environmental efforts, substantial funding mechanisms, and private sector involvement were deemed crucial. Learning from examples such as Mongolia, considering the environmental impact of small businesses, and raising awareness through NGOs was recommended. Regional cooperation, international funding channels, and domestic commitments to funding air quality projects were seen as essential. Climate action presented opportunities for industrial innovation. Reforming vehicle tax systems to prioritize mileage and emissions over vehicle type, inspired by successful reforms in Europe, could fund clean air initiatives.
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A Global Knowledge Platform on Air Quality
Juliette Laurent from the Climate and Clean Air Coalition (CCAC) emphasized the importance of assessment, political support, and future planning for air quality management, introducing the CCAC’s Air Quality Management Exchange (AQMx) initiative.
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Future Challenges and Solutions in Air Quality Management
The final session of the workshop addressed future challenges and potential solutions in air quality management. Experts from UNEP, the governments of Japan, the Republic of Korea and Thailand, and ESCAP, participated in this session.
The discussions emphasized regional and subregional bodies, as well as financing institutions, to develop and implement regional solutions and cooperate on setting goals for air quality improvement, as outlined in UNEA Resolution 6/10. Panelists underscored the need for essential resource mobilization and tailored regional solutions to achieve significant air quality improvements. Strengthening international and regional collaboration through platforms such as RAPAP, EANET, and the Asia Pacific Clean Air Partnership (APCAP) was recommended, focusing on knowledge sharing, capacity building, and joint research projects. It was also suggested to promote greater regional coherence and harmonization towards cleaner air, leveraging cooperative channels, and addressing regional ozone pollution. Prioritizing technology and innovation, improving data accuracy for public communication, and fostering international and regional cooperation were highlighted as essential for effectively combating air pollution. Leveraging geospatial data, ground-based sensors, digital technology, AI, promoting sustainable agriculture practices, and fostering cross-border collaboration were also recommended strategies.
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RAPAP as a Collective Action Programme
The sessions on 28 May focused on the Regional Action Programme on Air Pollution (RAPAP) which was adopted by ESCAP member States at the 7th Committee on Environment and Development in 2022, and subsequently endorsed by ESCAP resolution (79/6). RAPAP provides a framework or reference for national, subregional, multilateral, and multistakeholder mechanisms to advance their cooperation agenda for clean air in the Asia Pacific region. The sessions aimed at exchanging information and updates on initiatives supporting regional clean air cooperation, identifying focus areas, and recommending actions to enhance collaboration and stakeholder contributions.
Experts from UN agencies, Development agencies, Foundations, the ASEAN, NGOs, research institutes, and Asian governments discussed opportunities for technical cooperation involving identifying training needs, sharing best practices, and promoting partnerships to tackle air pollution. Recommendations for accelerating regional cooperation were discussed, including developing coordinated strategies, enhancing air quality monitoring and technical assistance, and improving communication and stakeholder engagement.
The Network Center for the EANET organized the Seminar « Learnings on Reducing Emissions from Open Burning » in a hybrid format, in Suwon, Republic of Korea, and online, on 6 September 2022, with the Asia Pacific Clean Air Partnership (APCAP) (UNEP) and the Institute for Global Environmental Strategy (IGES) as co-organizers. The Seminar focused on good practices to reduce emissions from open burning and presented sustainable alternatives to improve air quality in the region. 144 participants from 17 countries from the Asian region and beyond joined the Seminar.
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Opening Session
Moderated by Ms. Maria Katherina Patdu, Associate Programme Officer – Asia Pacific Clean Air Partnership (APCAP) (UNEP), the Seminar started with the Opening and Welcome Remarks by Dr. Shiro Hatakeyama, Director General of the Asia Center for Air Pollution Research (ACAP) in charge of the NC for the EANET, and by Dr. Mushtaq Memon, Regional Coordinator for Chemicals and Pollution Action Subprogramme, UNEP Regional Office for Asia and the Pacific. Dr. Memon also co-moderated the second part of the Seminar.
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Dr. Shiro Hatakeyama and Dr. Mushtaq Memon delivered the opening remarks.
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Remarks emphasized the new role of the EANET with the expansion of its scope from acid deposition to air pollution (including PM2.5), and the technical and financial challenges leading to open burning practices in the region.
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Open Biomass Burning and Regional Challenges
Dr. Supat Wangwongwatana, a Senior Instructor of the Faculty of Public Health, at Thammasat University, Thailand, presented the various causes of open burning in Thailand, with a particular focus on Northern Thailand’s situation and showed the direct impacts on air quality, the environment, and public health. In his presentation, he highlighted the challenges and needs for more government-driven incentives, policies, technical assistance, and education toward non-burning agricultural practices.
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Panelists during the Seminar. From left to right: Ms. Maria Katherina Patdu, Dr. Supat Wangwongwatana, Ms. Etwin Sabarini, Dr. Eric Zusman, Dr. Alison Simcox, and Ms. Azka Ghaida.
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Sharing Good Practices to Reduce Open Burning
Ms. Etwin Sabarini, Programme Coordinator, Measurable Action for Haze-Free Sustainable Land Management in Southeast Asia (MAHFSA), ASEAN Secretariat introduced the ASEAN Agreement on Transboundary Haze Pollution. She explained the history, objective, and framework of the ASEAN Agreement on Transboundary Haze Pollution and focused her talk on the ASEAN Peatland Management Strategy (APMS) initiative aiming at conserving peatlands, the largest carbon store in the ASEAN region.
Ms. Do Van Nguyet, Director at Live & Learn for Environment and Community, then shared examples of good practices from Viet Nam, including their collective action to control open burning in Hanoi. These included: policy development, monitoring, and technical assistance with a special focus on multi-stakeholder engagement.
Dr. Eric Zusman, a Senior Policy Researcher and Area Leader at the Institute for Global Environmental Strategy (IGES), presented priority actions in Southeast Asia to reduce open burning, and possible solutions, while analyzing barriers to their implementation based on the example of Thailand. To deal with these barriers, he explained the polycentric system approach, where different governing authorities may organize themselves in non-hierarchical relationships, and he emphasized the need to mix solutions of alternatives to open burning.
Dr. Alison Simcox, from the United States Environmental Protection Agency (US-EPA), shared an overview of agricultural burning and smoke management in the USA. After explaining the history of agricultural burning practices, she detailed the recent changes in practices and the role of the Environmental Protection Agency (US-EPA) focusing on the Smoke Management Program (SMP) and on alternatives to burning in the USA, such as no-till farming.
Dr. Ken Yamashita summarized the Seminar.
Ms. Azka Ghaida, an Air Quality and Climate Research Analyst at the World Resources Institute (WRI) in Indonesia, presented the use case of crop residue open burning in Indonesia by explaining the cause of the phenomenon, the government’s action, the barriers, and the solutions such as education and community involvement, sustainable farming and farm management practices.
Dr. Ken Yamashita who is Head of the Planning and Training Department at the Network Center for the EANET (ACAP) thanked all panelists and participants and summarized the Seminar by highlighting the key points of the challenges such as technical, financial limitations but also cultural barriers, and opportunities including mixed alternatives and operating in polycentric governance systems, to reduce open burning practices from ASEAN, Thailand, Indonesia, Viet Nam, and the USA.
Photo credits: featured photo of Mù Cang Chai, Mù Cang Chai District, Yên Bái, Viet Nam (2020) by Hoach Le Dinh on Unsplash, other photos: all rights reserved to the EANET.
The Network Center for the EANET organized the Seminar on Expanding Monitoring Systems using Low-Cost Sensor (LCS) online on 21 July 2022. It gathered representatives, experts, and practitioners of air quality monitoring from the EANET Participating Countries, and other participants from international organizations, academia, and monitoring-related service providers. 127 participants joined the Seminar.
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Opening Session
The Seminar started with the Opening and Welcome Remarks by Dr. Shiro Hatakeyama, Director General of the Asia Center for Air Pollution Research (ACAP) in charge of the NC for the EANET, and by Dr. Mushtaq Memon, Regional Coordinator for Chemicals and Pollution Action Subprogramme, UNEP Regional Office for Asia and the Pacific. Remarks were followed by an Introductory Presentation by Mr. Taku Ohmura from the Overseas Environmental Cooperation Center, Japan (OECC) on the Overview of issues and opportunities of using LCS for air quality administrations and surveys.
Dr. Keiichi SATO, Head of the Atmospheric Research Department at ACAP, in charge of the NC for the EANET, then introduced the results of a survey on a Hybrid Air Quality Monitoring Network (HAQMN) and related technical studies in five EANET countries, namely Japan, Indonesia, Myanmar, Thailand, and Viet Nam.
His presentation was followed by discussions and presentations by Ms. Karma Yangzom, a Principal Environment Specialist from the Sustainable Development and Climate Change Department, at the Asian Development Bank (ADB), on ADB’s experience with LCS as part of the Technical Assistance (TA) 9608 on “Strengthening Knowledge and Actions for Air Quality Improvement”, and by Ms. Maria-Katharina Patdu’s presentation, an Associate Programme Officer, from the Asia Pacific Clean Air Partnership (APCAP), at UNEP Regional Office for Asia and the Pacific, on air quality data challenges and opportunities in developing Asia.
While the lack of precision of LCS and the variety of qualities and standards of sensors, may lead to data misinterpretation and presentation issues, keynote speakers and panelists mentioned that the cost-efficiency of LCS and the wide use of these air quality sensors by “citizen-scientists” educate the public and inspire behavioral changes. In addition, the effective utilization of regular monitoring data for the quality control of LCS, the importance of consistent city, regional, and country-level monitoring, and the continued cooperation with other networks and international organizations, were also key points presented to mitigate the limitations of LCS.
The EANET Science & Policy Dialogue online event took place on Friday 26th of November 2021, alongside the EANET’s 20th Anniversary celebration, gathering over one hundred participants from 30 countries to discuss better air quality for all.
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The Science & Policy Dialogue Opening and Keynote Sessions
The Science & Policy Dialogue online event followed the 20th Anniversary celebrations. It was inaugurated by Mr. Koki Azuma, Counsellor for Transboundary Pollution Analysis, General Affairs Division, Environmental Management Bureau, the Ministry of the Environment, Japan.
Dr. Hajime Akimoto, Guest Scientist at the National Institute for Environmental Studies, Japan, and also former Director-General of the Asia Center for Air Pollution Research (ACAP) presented the first Keynote Speech entitled: “Progress of Improvement, Challenges, and the Way forward on Air pollution Management in East Asia”. Dr. Markus Amann, Scientist from the Asia Pacific Clean Air Partnership (APCAP) Science Panel, and former Program Director at the International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis (IIASA), then presented the second Keynote Speech: “Bringing Science and Policy in Tackling Air Pollution: Lessons Learned from Europe and Asia”.
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Bridging Science and Policy: The perspective of Future Cooperation on Air Pollution in the Region, the Panel Discussion
The Science & Policy Dialogue continued with a Panel Discussion regrouping experts gathered to discuss: “Bridging Science and Policy: The perspective of Future Cooperation on Air Pollution in the Region”.
Dr. Fan Meng, Deputy Director General, Asia Center for Air Pollution Research (ACAP); Prof. Young Sunwoo, Director General of the International Union of Air Pollution Prevention and Environmental Protection Associations (IUAPPA); Dr. Supat Wangwongwatana, Senior Instructor of the Faculty of Public Health, Thammasat University, Thailand; Mr. Bjarne Pedersen, Executive Director, Clean Air Asia; Dr. Qingfeng Zhang, Chief of the Rural Development and Food Security Thematic Group, and OIC/Chief of the Environment Thematic Group at the Asian Development Bank (ADB); Dr. Markus Amann, Scientist, Asia Pacific Clean Air Partnership (APCAP) Science Panel and Dr. Hajime Akimoto, Guest Scientist, National Institute for Environmental Studies, Japan (NIES) joined this discussion.
Key discussion points included the importance of sound science-based information for policymakers, the necessity of improving communication among actors, as part of systemic approaches and in line with available funding strategies. The EANET’s strengths, including the Network’s longevity and its large number of Participating Countries, were also noted, highlighting its great opportunities for future wider collaborations at regional and international levels.
