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Monitoring
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About / Monitoring

Monitoring

EANET monitoring covers five environmental media wet deposition, dry deposition, soil and vegetation, inland aquatic environment, and catchment. The monitoring activities have been conducted following a set of monitoring guidelines and technical manuals. Monitoring for wet and dry deposition are implemented to measure concentrations and fluxes of acidic substances deposited to the ground, while monitoring for soil and vegetation, and inland aquatic environment are being implemented to assess adverse impacts on terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems.

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Monitoring

1. Wet Deposition /rainwater

  • Monitoring Interval
    • every 24 hours or every precipitation event for an urban, rural, or remote site
  • Major Parameters
    • Precipitation analysis: pH, electrical conductivity (EC), concentrations of sulfate (SO42-), nitrate (NO3-), ammonium (NH4+), and other ions

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2. Dry Deposition /air concentration

  • Monitoring Interval
    • every day to two weeks, or every hour when measured by automatic instruments.
  • Major Measurements
    • Gases: concentrations of sulfur dioxide (SO2), nitrogen oxides (NO, NO2), ozone (O3), nitric acid (HNO3), hydrogen chloride (HCl), ammonia (NH3 ), and other
    • particulate matter (PM2.5, PM10) and particulate components (SO42- , NO3-, etc.), etc.

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3. Soil and Vegetation /forest areas

  • Monitoring Interval
    • once three to five years
  • Major Parameters
    • Soil: pH, concentrations of exchangeable ions, and effective cation exchange capacity (ECEC)
    • Vegetation (forest): survey of tree decline, and general description of a forest

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4. Inland Aquatic Environment / lake and river water

  • Monitoring Interval
    • More than four times a year
  • Major Parameters
    • Inland water: pH, electrical conductivity (EC), alkalinity, and cations such as ammonium (NH4+), and anions such as nitrate (NO3-)

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5. Catchment

  • Monitoring Interval
    • continuously (precipitation and discharge), every week to 2 weeks (chemical components)
  • Major Parameters
    • Rainwater and stream water: Precipitation amount, discharge from the stream, major cations (Ca2+, NH4+, etc.) and anions (SO42-, NO3-, etc.), in the rainwater and stream water, estimation of total deposition (wet + dry), etc.